PFAS Transport and Fate - Revision history

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 Evidence of aerobic biotransformation is provided from studies of PFAS composition throughout the continuum of wastewater treatments<ref name="Arvaniti2015">Arvaniti, O.S. and Stasinakis, A.S., 2015. Review on the occurrence, fate and removal of perfluorinated compounds during wastewater treatment. Science of the Total Environment, 524, pp. 81-92.  [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.023]</ref>, from field studies at AFFF-impacted sites<ref name="Houtz2013" /><ref name="McGuire2014" /><ref name="Anderson2016" /><ref name="Weber2017" />, and from microcosm experiments. In general, the literature on aerobic biotransformation collectively demonstrates or indirectly supports the following conclusions as summarized in ITRC 2020<ref name="ITRC2020" />:
 *Numerous aerobic biotransformation pathways exist with relatively rapid kinetics
 *All polyfluorinated precursors studied to date have the potential to aerobically biotransform to PFAAs
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 *Aerobic biotransformation of various electrochemical fluorination-derived precursors primarily results in the formation of PFAAs, including PFOS, with the conservation of chain-length
 Precursor transformation can complicate CSMs (and risk assessments) and should be considered during comprehensive site investigations.  For example, atmospheric emissions of volatile precursors can result in long-range transport where subsequent transformation and deposition can result in detectable levels of PFAAs in environmental media independent of obvious point-sources<ref name="Vedagiri2018">Vedagiri, U.K., Anderson, R.H., Loso, H.M. and Schwach, C.M., 2018. Ambient levels of PFOS and PFOA in multiple environmental media. Remediation Journal, 28(2), pp. 9-51.  [https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21548 DOI: 10.1002/rem.21548]</ref>.  With respect to site-related precursors, transformation of otherwise unmeasured PFAS into detectable PFAAs is obviously relevant to site investigations to the extent transformation occurs after initial site characterization efforts or if past remedial efforts have accelerated ''in situ'' transformation rates<ref name="McGuire2014" />.  Additionally, differential transport rates between precursor PFAS and the corresponding terminal PFAA could also confound CSMs if transformation rates are slower than transport rates as has been suggested<ref name="Weber2017" />.
 To account for otherwise unmeasurable precursors, several surrogate analytical methods have been developed.
 ==References==

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 *Aerobic biotransformation of various electrochemical fluorination-derived precursors primarily results in the formation of PFAAs, including PFOS, with the conservation of chain-length
 Precursor transformation can complicate CSMs (and risk assessments) and should be considered during comprehensive site investigations.  For example, atmospheric emissions of volatile precursors can result in long-range transport where subsequent transformation and deposition can result in detectable levels of PFAAs in environmental media independent of obvious point-sources<ref name="Vedagiri2018">Vedagiri, U.K., Anderson, R.H., Loso, H.M. and Schwach, C.M., 2018. Ambient levels of PFOS and PFOA in multiple environmental media. Remediation Journal, 28(2), pp. 9-51.  [https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21548 DOI: 10.1002/rem.21548]</ref>.  With respect to site-related precursors, transformation of otherwise unmeasured PFAS into detectable PFAAs is obviously relevant to site investigations to the extent transformation occurs after initial site characterization efforts or if past remedial efforts have accelerated ''in situ'' transformation rates<ref name="McGuire2014" />.  Additionally, differential transport rates between precursor PFAS and the corresponding terminal PFAA could also confound CSMs if transformation rates are slower than transport rates as has been suggested<ref name="Weber2017" />.
 To account for otherwise unmeasurable precursors, several surrogate analytical methods have been developed.

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 *[[Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)]]
 *[[Lysimeters for Measuring PFAS Concentrations in the Vadose Zone]]
 *[[PFAS Ex Situ Water Treatment]]
 *[[PFAS Soil Remediation Technologies]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 *[[Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)]]
 *[[Lysimeters for Measuring PFAS Concentrations in the Vadose Zone]]
 *[[PFAS Ex Situ Water Treatment]]
 *[[PFAS Soil Remediation Technologies]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 *[[PFAS Treatment by Electrical Discharge Plasma]]
 *[[Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO)]]
 '''Contributor(s): '''
 [[Dr. Richard Anderson]] and [[Dr. Mark Brusseau]]
 '''Key Resource(s): '''

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:58, 31 December 2025
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	[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/pfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Farcadis-north-america%252Fpfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: PFAS: Understanding Fate and Transport in the Environment]		[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/pfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Farcadis-north-america%252Fpfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: PFAS: Understanding Fate and Transport in the Environment]

−	[https://~~serdp-estcp~~.~~mil/projects/details~~/~~d8fdde05~~-~~10b6~~-~~43d4-a4d3~~-~~2a1a60329392/~~pfas-~~podcast-series-serdp~~-~~and~~-~~estcp~~-~~research~~-~~and~~-~~demonstrations~~ SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: How PFAS Moves from AFFF Areas to Groundwater]	+	[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/how-pfas-moves-from-afff-areas-to-groundwater SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: How PFAS Moves from AFFF Areas to Groundwater]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 31 December 2025
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	==See Also:==		==See Also:==
	[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/pfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Farcadis-north-america%252Fpfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: PFAS: Understanding Fate and Transport in the Environment]		[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/pfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Farcadis-north-america%252Fpfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: PFAS: Understanding Fate and Transport in the Environment]
		+
		+	[https://serdp-estcp.mil/projects/details/d8fdde05-10b6-43d4-a4d3-2a1a60329392/pfas-podcast-series-serdp-and-estcp-research-and-demonstrations SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: PFAS: How PFAS Moves from AFFF Areas to Groundwater]

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:54, 31 December 2025
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	==See Also:==		==See Also:==
−	[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/pfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Farcadis-north-america%252Fpfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast : PFAS: Understanding Fate and Transport in the Environment]	+	[https://soundcloud.com/arcadis-north-america/pfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment?utm_source=clipboard&utm_campaign=wtshare&utm_medium=widget&utm_content=https%253A%252F%252Fsoundcloud.com%252Farcadis-north-america%252Fpfas-understanding-fate-and-transport-in-the-environment SERDP & ESTCP PFAS Research and Remediation Podcast: PFAS: Understanding Fate and Transport in the Environment]